REPTILES OF
DUDHWA NATIONAL PARK
 |
| Suheli |
CROCODILES:
Magaramachchh chrochodylidaai
parivaar, laakhon varshon se astitv mein sareesrpon ka ek praacheen samooh se
sambandhit hain. prthvee itihaas kee lambee avadhi mein magaramachchhiyon ka
astitv shaayad unakee jarooraton ko aasaanee se poora kiya ja raha hai, kyonki
ve do jeevan kshetr, paanee aur jameen ke kinaare par rahate hain aur donon
kshetron se apana shikaar dhoondhane mein saksham hote hain.
Dudhava taigar rijarv mein do prakaar
ke magaramachchh hain - maarsh magaramachchh ya magar aur ghanal. donon
chrochodilians ek saphal jaleey jeevan ke lie kuchh sanrachanaatmak anukoolan
dikhaate hain. naak ko snaut kee nok par rakha jaata hai jisase shareer ko
saans lene mein saksham banaata hai jab shesh shareer doob jaata hai. aankh
mein ek paaradarshee teesaree palak hai jo seemit paanee ke neeche kee drshti
ko anumati detee hai. magaramachchh utkrsht tairaak hain, mukhy mukhy
prakshepan hai.
MUGGER OR MARSH CROCODILE (CROCODYLUS PALISH-IS):
Mugaar suhelee, dudhva raashtreey
udyaan kee mohan nadiyon aur kataaranighaat vanyajeev abhayaarany ke girava
nadee mein paaya jaata hai. yah 4 meetar tak kee lambaee praapt karata hai aur
vajan 200 kilograam tak hota hai. magar aamataur par din mein baink ya dveepon
ke dveepon par besing karate hain. besing magaramachchh ka khule munh garmee
niyantran kee ek vidhi hai. magar ek utkrsht tairaak hai. jameen par, yah apane
pet par rahata hai, lekin jameen se achchhee tarah se shareer ke saath chalata
hai aur chalata hai.
Drshti, sunavaee aur gandh kee indriyaan achchhee tarah se
vikasit hotee hain aur bhoomi par utarate samay pashu bahut satark rahata hai.
yah paanee mein vishesh roop se kam ya jyaada shikaar karata hai; bhojan
kaaphee had tak machhalee hai lekin kisee bhee jaanavar ko ovarakoid kiya ja
sakata hai.
Sugandh granthiyaan prajanan ke
mausam ke dauraan shaayad sakriy hotee hain aur ek doosare ko dhoondhane vaale
lingon mein sahaayata karatee hain. maarch ke maheene mein milana hota hai.
maada apane andon ko ek klach mein 40 tak ret mein pichar aakaar ke chhed mein
rakhatee hai. ooshmaayan avadhi do maheene se thoda adhik hai. maada ghonsala
ya ghonsale ke najadeek paanee mein jhooth bolakar ghonsala kee raksha karatee
hai yah ek gyaat tathy hai ki ek jhukaav ka ling ghonsala ke taapamaan se
nirdhaarit hota hai.
GHARIAL (GAVIALIS GANGETICUS):
Ghariyal 7 meetar tak kee lambaee
praapt kar sakata hai. unhen lambe samay tak aur sankeern snaiut dvaara any
magaramachchhon se aasaanee se alag kiya ja sakata hai jo ek balbas tip mein
samaapt hota hai. jabade mein lagabhag 104 daant hote hain. snaiut kee nok par
kaartilaajinas dravyamaan (ghaara) jaise bade bartan vaale vayask purush,
isalie naam ghariyal. vartamaan mein yah kataaranighaat vanyajeev abhayaarany
ke girava nadee mein paaya jaata hai aur yah prajaatiyaan ab luptapraay hain.
Madhyapradesh dveepon aur saindabaink
mein ghariyal ghaas. ek chakkaradaar tairaak ve jameen par bekaar hain jo baask
mein aane par ek slaiding aandolan mein apane pairon ke saath khud ko prerit
karate hain. ve shaayad hee kabhee nadee ke kinaare se door chale jaate hain.
mukhy roop se machhalee par ghariyal feed. kabhee-kabhee kachhue aur any chhote
jaanavaron ko le jaata hai.
Ghariyal mein maatrbhaasha
janavaree-pharavaree ke maheene mein hotee hai aur 12 saal se oopar kee umr
mein shuroo hotee hai. aprail aur ghonsale ke mausam mein ghaariyal ghonsale
har saal 10 dinon se adhik nahin badalate hain. ghonsale saamaany roop se dveep
par ret mein baithe hote hain jo uchch ooshmaayan saphalata ka aashvaasan deta
hai. ooshmaayan avadhi 72 se 92 dinon tak hai. naujavaan. jaisa ki any
chrochodilians ghoomane ke lie taiyaar jab grunt. ghaariyal, any
magaramachchhiyon kee tarah ghonsala sanrakshan ke roop mein maata-pita kee
dekhabhaal dikhaate hain. paanee mein yuvaon kee rihaee aur klastaring kee
suraksha.
TURTLES AND
TORTOISES:
Taaja paanee ke kachhue aur kachhua
sareesrp ordar cheloniya se sambandhit hain. kachhue aur kachhue aasaanee se
any sabhee jaanavaron se unake vishisht haddee ke khol se pahachaane jaate
hain. khol mein do bhaag hote hain, uparokt kaarapatal aur neeche plaastron,
akele aur pichhade angon ke beech ke jhande mein shaamil ho jaate hain. khol
mein seeng vaalee dhaal aur haddee kee pleton kee ek aantarik parat kee
baaharee parat hotee hai. donon niyamit roop se vyavasthit.
Shel ke bheetar
shareer haddee kee pleton se judee pasaliyon ke saath kathor hai, lekin khol,
gardan, ang aur poonchh ke baahar ke hisson mein mupht chal raha hai. bhoomi
aur taaje paanee ke roopon mein inhen khol mein vaapas lene kee alag-alag
kshamata hotee hai. khaady aadaton mein bhinnata hai. kuchh prajaati
maansaahaaree, kuchh shaakaahaaree aur any sarvavyaapee hain. jabade mein
daanton kee kamee hotee hai lekin kuchh prajaatiyon mein seeng vaalee chonch jo
unake sthaan par kaary karatee hai, daanton kee tarah hotee hai. ling aasaanee
se pratishthit nahin hote hain, lekin aam taur par nar kee lambee poonchh aur
avatal plaastron hota hai.
adhikaansh prajaatiyaan bhaarat-ganga ke maidaan kee badee nadee pranaalee mein hotee hain, kaee arddh sthaleey hain. sabhee kachhue aur kachhua ooshmaayan ke lie mittee ya ret mein apane ande daphan karate hain. prajaatiyon ke aadhaar par ande kathin ya naram-gole ho sakate hain. klach aakaar das se chaalees tak bhinn hota hai. chhailonians lambe samay tak rahate hain.
adhikaansh prajaatiyaan bhaarat-ganga ke maidaan kee badee nadee pranaalee mein hotee hain, kaee arddh sthaleey hain. sabhee kachhue aur kachhua ooshmaayan ke lie mittee ya ret mein apane ande daphan karate hain. prajaatiyon ke aadhaar par ande kathin ya naram-gole ho sakate hain. klach aakaar das se chaalees tak bhinn hota hai. chhailonians lambe samay tak rahate hain.
bhaarat ke
kachhue jeevon mein 31 prajaatiyaan shaamil hain. unamen se 15 prajaatiyaan
uttar pradesh mein paee jaatee hain aur sabhee pandrah dudhava taigar rijarv
mein pae jaate hain. soochee mein shaamil hain: -
1.
Indian
Roofed Turtle (Pungshura tectum)
2.
Indian
Tent Turtle (Pungshura tentoria circumference)
3.
Indian
Tent Turtle (Pungshura tentorialliviventris)
4.
Brown
Roofed Turtle (P ungshura smithii)
5.
Spotted
Pond Turtle (Geocletnys hamiltonii)
6.
Crowned
River Turtle (Hardella thud ii)
7.
Three-striped
Roofed Turtle (Kachuga dhongoka)
8.
Painted
Roofed Turtle (Kachuga Kachuga)
9.
Indian
Eyed Turtle (Moreni a peters
10. Indian Black Turtle (Melanochelys try
uga)
11. Tricarinate Hill Turtle (Melanochelys
tricarinata)
12. Indian Softshell Turtle (Aspideretes
gangeticus)
13. Indian Peacock Softshell Turtle
(Aspideretes finnan)
14. Indian Flapshell Turtle (Lissemys
punctata)
15. Smal I -h eaded Softshell Turtle
(Chitra indica)
16. Elongated Tortoise (hidotestudo
elongata)
SNAKES:
Saamp galat samajha jaata hai aur
darata hai. bhaarat mein adhikaansh saamp manushyon ke lie behad haanikaarak
hote hain jabaki har saal kaee mauten keval 4 prajaatiyaan jimmedaar hotee
hain. bhaarat mein saampon kee lagabhag 270 prajaatiyaan paee jaatee hain.
saamp sareesrp ke ordar skvaamaata se sambandhit hain.
Saamp ka lamba shareer
ullekhaneey roop se poorak hai aur any kasherukee jaanavaron ke lie
ghumaavadaar aur any aandolanon ko asambhav banaane mein saksham hai. saamp ke
shareer par taraajoo kamajor hote hain, jo ki ve tails ke tareeke mein
ovaralaip hote hain, aur paitarn paitarn jo prajaatiyon kee visheshata hain.
Tvacha, aur us par taraajoo. itana
nirmaan kiya gaya hai ki bade shikaar ke lie saampon ko saksham karane ke lie
ek vishaal digree ke lie kheenchana sambhav hai. gaddhe vaipar mein naak aur
aankh ke beech garmee sanvedanasheel gaddhe taapamaan parivartan ko digree
digree ke teen hazaaravaan ke roop mein thoda sa pata laga sakata hai.
Gaddhe
garm-khoon vaale krntak ya pakshiyon ko khojane mein bahut madadagaar hote hain
ya ek shaant andhere raat mein thoda garm mendhak ya tod dhoondhate hain.
paayathan ke ooparee honth ke saath samaan inphraared riseptars hote hain.
tvacha samay-samay par shed hotee hai aur shed tvacha aksar akhand hotee hai
aur isake roop ko ek ullekhaneey digree tak banae rakhatee hai.
Munh kaee daanton se sashastr hai jo soket mein embeded nahin hote hain. daanton ko doharaaya jaata hai aur shikaar ko pakadane ke lie kaam karate hain, aur is prakaar nigalane mein sahaayata karate hain jo ki jabade ke do hisson dvaara vastutah shikaar par chalate hain aur is tarah ise gale mein daal dete hain.
Haanikaarak saampon mein teen prakaar ke pheng hote hain. pichhalee jhuka hua saampon mein, ooparee jabade ke antim do ya teen daant bade hote hain aur ghutane jaate hain. naalee jahar granthiyon ke lie ek nalika se juda hua hai. kobara, krets aur vaipar jaise munh ke saamane pheng ke saath saampon mein jahar ke parivahan ke lie naalee band nahar ban gaee hai.
Saampon mein kaantedaar jeebh svaad ke bajaay gandh ka ek ang hai aur isake nirantar kvivar aur khelane se sugandhit kan ikattha karane mein kaam karata hai. saampon mein koee baaharee kaan nahin hota hai aur hava ke maadhyam se shor nahin sun sakata hai, lekin ve apane jabade, sabastraitam ke maadhyam se kampan ke maadhyam se mahasoos karane mein saksham hain. saamp jameen ke maadhyam se kampan ke prati sanvedanasheel hote hain aur is tarah aap chalane mein mahasoos kar sakate hain.
Aankh aakaar aur prabhaavasheelata mein bhinn
hotee hai. andhere saamp samet kuchh saampon mein, aankh ek dhaal ke neeche
chhipee huee hai. jab dikhaee deta hai to aankhon mein dhakkan kee kamee hotee
hai lekin dhaal kee tarah ek paaradarshee ghadee-glaas hota hai jisake neeche
ve jaate hain. chhaatr golaakaar, lambavat ya kshaitij ho sakata hai.
Saampon ke adhikaansh bhaag ande ko saphed ya peele charmapatr ke saath kholate hain. kaee maamalon mein brooding ke roop mein maata-pita kee dekhabhaal dekhee jaatee hai.
Some of the snake species are found in Dudhwa Tiger Reserve:-
1. Indian
Python (Python molurus)
2. Indian Rat
Snake (Ptyas mucosa)
3. Cobra (Naja
nab)
4. Russel's
Viper (Daboia russelii)
5. Himalayan
Pit Viper (Gloydiushimalayanus)
6. Common
Krait (Bun gurus caeruleus)
7. Banded
Krait (Bungarus fasciatus)
8. Fresh Water
Snake (Enhydris enhydris)
9. Checkered
Keelback (Xenochroph is piscator)
10. Blind Snake
(Ramphotyphlops braminus)
11. Red Sand
Boa (Dyxjohnii)
12. Common Vine
Snake (Ahaetulla nasuta)
13. Common
Kukri Snake (Oligodon Arnensis)
14. Russell's
Kukri Snake (01i, rdon taeniolcaus)
15. Common Cat
Snake (Boiga trigoncaa)
Two types
of Monitor Lizards - Common Indian Monitor and Yellow Monitor along with few
Gecko and Garden lizards are also found in the reserve.
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